George Gershwin included a celesta solo in the score to An American in Paris. Ottorino Respighi included it in a number of his works, particularly the "Roman triptych" of tone poems. It also features prominently in Béla Bartók's 1936 Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta. Gustav Holst employed the instrument in his 1918 orchestral work The Planets, particularly in the final movement, Neptune, the Mystic. Karol Szymanowski featured it in his Symphony No. 6, particularly in the 1st, 2nd and 4th movements, in his Symphony No. The celesta is also notably used in Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. However, Ernest Chausson preceded Tchaikovsky by employing the celesta in December 1888 in his incidental music, written for a small orchestra, for La tempête (a French translation by Maurice Bouchor of William Shakespeare's The Tempest). 71, 1892), most notably in the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy, which also appears in the derived Nutcracker Suite, Op. The following year, he used the celesta in passages in his ballet The Nutcracker (Op. He first used it in his symphonic poem The Voyevoda, Op. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is usually cited as the first major composer to use this instrument in a work for full symphony orchestra. The celesta part is normally written on two braced staves, called a grand staff.Ībbreviated concert performance of Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy by the orchestra of the Moscow Conservatory Although it is a member of the percussion family, in orchestral terms it is more properly considered a member of the keyboard section and usually played by a keyboardist. The standard French four-octave instrument is now gradually being replaced in symphony orchestras by a larger, five-octave German model. The original French instrument had a five-octave range, but because the lowest octave was considered somewhat unsatisfactory, it was omitted from later models. The fundamental frequency of 4186 Hz makes this one of the highest pitches in common use. Its four-octave sounding range is generally considered to be C 4 to C 8. Instruments of different sizes exist with ranges of three to five and a half octaves. The celesta is a transposing instrument it sounds one octave higher than the written pitch. The delicate, bell-like sound is not loud enough to be used in full ensemble sections as well, the celesta is rarely given standalone solos. The celesta is often used to enhance a melody line played by another instrument or section. This quality gave the instrument its name, celeste, meaning "heavenly" in French. The sound of the celesta is similar to that of the glockenspiel, but with a much softer and more subtle timbre. One of the best-known works that uses the celesta is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" from The Nutcracker. The three-octave instruments do not have a pedal because of their small "table-top" design. Four- or five-octave models usually have a damper pedal that sustains or damps the sound. The keys connect to hammers that strike a graduated set of metal (usually steel) plates or bars suspended over wooden resonators. It looks similar to an upright piano (four- or five- octave), albeit with smaller keys and a much smaller cabinet, or a large wooden music box (three-octave). The celesta / s ɪ ˈ l ɛ s t ə/ or celeste / s ɪ ˈ l ɛ s t/, also called a bell-piano, is a struck idiophone operated by a keyboard. She has a kind disposition and many positive attributes but sadly she lacks a lot of character background, so more detail is difficult to provide.Problems playing this file? See media help. As with her sister she is also attributed with immortality. Despite being posessed of formidable magical abilities she does have her limits as evidenced by certain episodes of the show. There has been no mention within the show as to why she is a princess and not a queen, but it has been unofficially acknowledged that this comes across as more 'friendly' to the target audience of the show. She also acts as a mentor / support figure to Twilight Sparkle and friends. Princess Celestia functions as the head of state during daylight hours, and has many responsibilities including raising and lowering the sun each day. Princess Celestia is one of the two rulers (her co-ruler being her sister Princess Luna) who preside over Equestria, the fictional land in which the My Little Pony show is based. She is a tall winged unicorn with a white coat and tri-coloured mane, and she is notable for her much larger size in relation to other ponies in the show. Princess Celestia is a character in the current My Little Pony series.
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